Ball grid array package stack

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein is a ball grid array (BGA) package stack that is not limited by ball arrangement because it utilizes a foldable circuit substrate, which permits interconnection between upper and lower individual BGA packages. The foldable circuit substrate has three portions. By bending the middle second portion, the foldable circuit substrate is folded in two. In the lower BGA package, an IC chip is attached on and electrically connected to a top surface of the first portion, and external connection terminals such as solder balls are formed on a bottom surface of the first portion. The top surface of the first portion is covered with a molding resin to protect the chip, and the third portion is placed on an upper surface of the molding resin. The upper BGA package is constructed in a similar manner to the lower BGA package as described above. For stacking, the interconnection terminals of the upper BGA package are joined and electrically connected to the third portion of the foldable circuit substrate of the lower BGA package.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This application claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 2003-13676 filed on Mar. 5, 2003, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a semiconductor packaging technology, and more particularly, to a ball grid array (BGA) package stack in which at least two BGA packages are stacked and interconnected.

[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0005] In the semiconductor industry, packaging technology for semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) chips has been continuously developed to satisfy market demands for a smaller package size, a greater pin count, and a higher mounting density on the motherboard. Additionally, with the development of high speed and high performance electronic devices, BGA type packages, which are in some respects superior in electrical and thermal properties to conventional lead-frame type packages, have grown in market share.

[0006] Stacking technology, which a kind of the packaging technology, is used to mount more packages on motherboards with limited size. Thus, stacking technology, including package and chip stacking, serves to increase the number of packages or chips per unit area of the motherboard. BGA packages have, however, certain difficulties in adopting the stacking technology because of structural limitations. A conventional stack structure of a BGA package is shown in FIG. 1.

[0007] Referring to FIG. 1, two individual BGA packages 11 and 12 are stacked and interconnected to form a BGA package stack 10. Stacking and interconnecting between the individual BGA packages 11 and 12 are made by solder balls 15. The solder balls 15 are formed under a circuit substrate 13 of an upper package 11 and joined onto a circuit substrate 14 of a lower package 12. Therefore, to effectively stack the BGA packages 11 and 12, the solder balls 15 should be located outside of a chip region 17. In other words, contrary to typical independent BGA packages, the BGA package 11 and 12 used for the conventional BGA stack 10 does not allow the solder balls 15 to be arranged evenly over a bottom surface thereof. As a result, the stacked BGA package becomes much greater in size than the chip due to the limits of ball arrangement. This makes the conventional BGA stack structure inapplicable to certain smaller type package such as certain chip size package (CSP). In addition, the solder ball 15 should have a large enough size to maintain a space between the upper and lower individual packages 11 and 12.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The present invention provides a ball grid array (BGA) package stack, which is not limited by a ball arrangement, thereby enabling a smaller package size, a greater pin count and a higher mounting density. The BGA package stack according to the present invention includes a foldable circuit substrate permitting interconnection between upper and lower individual BGA packages. In particular, the foldable circuit substrate is included in a lower BGA package.

[0009] The foldable circuit substrate of the lower BGA package can have three portions. In this configuration, a first integrated circuit (IC) chip is attached on and electrically connected to a top surface of a first portion of the substrate. A first molding resin covers the top surface of the first portion to protect the first IC chip, and external connection terminals are formed on a bottom surface of the first portion. A third portion of the substrate is placed on an upper face of the molding resin.

[0010] The upper BGA package includes a circuit substrate, a second IC chip attached on and electrically connected to a top surface of the circuit substrate, and a second molding resin covering the top surface of the circuit substrate. The upper BGA package further includes interconnection terminals formed on a bottom surface of the circuit substrate. The interconnection terminals are joined and electrically connected to the third portion of the foldable circuit substrate of the lower BGA package.

[0011] In the BGA package stack of the present invention, the external connection terminals may be distributed over the bottom surface of the first portion of the foldable circuit substrate, and the interconnection terminals may be distributed over the bottom surface of the circuit substrate. The external connection terminals and the interconnection terminals may further be solder balls.

[0012] In addition, each BGA package may further include metal wires for electrically connecting the chip and the circuit substrate. The foldable circuit substrate may have first ball pads formed in the first portion to receive the external connection terminals, second ball pads formed in the third portion to receive the interconnection terminals, and connection lines connecting the first and second ball pads. Further, the foldable circuit substrate may have a base layer and a coating layer. The connection lines are formed on the base layer and covered with the coating layer. The ball pads are formed on the base layer and exposed through pad openings of the coating layer. The external connection terminals may be formed on the first ball pads through the pad openings, and the interconnection terminals may be joined to the second ball pads through the pad openings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013]FIG. 1 is a diagram of a cross-sectional view showing a conventional BGA package stack.

[0014]FIG. 2 is a diagram of a cross-sectional view showing a BGA package stack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0015]FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cross-sectional view showing an individual BGA package used for the BGA package stack shown in FIG. 2.

[0016]FIG. 4 is a diagram of a plan view showing a circuit substrate of the individual BGA package shown in FIG. 3.

[0017]FIG. 5 is a diagram of a partially enlarged perspective view of the circuit substrate shown in FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present invention will be now described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment set forth herein; rather, this embodiment is provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. For purposes of illustration, some elements are exaggerated, outlined, or omitted in drawings. Further, in general the same reference numbers represent same elements.

[0019]FIG. 2 is a diagram of a cross-sectional view of a BGA package stack 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, the package stack 20 includes at least two individual BGA packages, shown here by three individual packages 21 a, 21 b, and 21 c, which will be hereinafter referred to as a lower package 21 a, a middle package 21 b, and an upper package 21 c, respectively. Each individual package 21 a, 21 b, and 21 c has a circuit substrate 30 a, 30 b, and 22. As will be discussed below, a flexible (i.e., foldable) circuit substrate can be employed as the respective circuit substrates 30 a and 30 b of the lower and middle packages 21 a and 21 b. However, the circuit substrate 22 of the upper package 21 c can be a printed circuit board or a flexible circuit substrate.

[0020] An integrated circuit (IC) chip 23 is attached with adhesive (not shown) on a top surface of each circuit substrate 30 a, 30 b, and 22. Metal wires 24, such as gold wires, electrically connect a top surface of the IC chip 23 and the top surface of the circuit substrate 30 a, 30 b, and 22. A molding resin 25 such as epoxy compound covers the top surface of the circuit substrate 30 a, 30 b, and 22 to protect the IC chip 23 and the metal wires 24. Solder balls 26 a, 26 b, and 26 c are arranged on a bottom surface of each circuit substrate 30 a, 30 b, and 22. Like a typical BGA package, the solder balls 26 a, 26 b, and 26 c of the package stack 20 are distributed over the bottom surface of the circuit substrate without limiting the ball arrangement. The solder balls 26 b and 26 c of the middle and upper packages 21 b and 21 c act as interconnection terminals between the individual BGA packages. However, the solder balls 26 a of the lower package 21 a act as the package stack's 20 external connection terminals. The solder balls 26 a, 26 b, and 26 c may be made out of metal.

[0021] The circuit substrate 30 a of the lower package 21 a is folded in two and attached with adhesive (not shown) to an upper face of molding resin attached to an upper surface of the lower part of the folded substrate 30 a. The solder balls 26 b of the middle package 21 b are joined to the circuit substrate 30 a of the lower package 21 a. Similarly, the circuit substrate 30 b of the middle package 21 b is folded in two and attached to an upper face of the molding resin on the upper surface of its lower substrate 30 b. The solder balls 26 c of the upper package 21 c are joined to the circuit substrate 30 b of the middle package 21 b. That is, the foldable circuit substrates 30 a and 30 b permit the stacking of the BGA packages 21 a, 21 b, and 21 c without a ball arrangement limitation. The foldable circuit substrates 30 a and 30 b will be described in more detail herein.

[0022] Before stacking, the individual BGA package 21 has a structure shown in FIG. 3. The individual BGA package 21 in FIG. 3 corresponds to the lower and the middle packages 21 a and 21 b in FIG. 2. The foldable circuit substrate 30 of the BGA package 21 is longer than that of a typical BGA package. For the sake of convenience, the foldable circuit substrate 30 will be divided into three portions, namely, a first portion 30-1, a second portion 30-2, and a third portion 30-3. The first portion 30-1 of the circuit substrate 30 corresponds to a circuit substrate of the typical BGA package. Therefore, the IC chip 23 and the molding resin 25 are formed on the top surface of the first portion 30-1, and the solder balls 26 are formed on the bottom surface of the first portion 30-1. The second portion 30-2 is especially flexible and bendable, so the circuit substrate 30 can be folded in two. The third portion 30-3 has nearly the same size as the first portion 30-1. When the circuit substrate 30 is folded, the third portion 30-3 is placed on the upper face of the molding resin 25. Therefore, the bottom surface of the third portion 30-3 now faces upward.

[0023]FIG. 4 shows, in a diagram of a plan view, the bottom surface of the circuit substrate 30 shown in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 4, the circuit substrate 30 includes a plurality of ball pads 31 a and 31 b, and a plurality of connection lines 32. The ball pads 31 a and 31 b are formed in the first and the third portions 30-1 and 30-3 of the substrate 30. The second portion 30-2 does not have ball pads. The ball pads formed in the first portion 30-1 will be referred to as first ball pads 31 a, and the ball pads formed in the third portion 30-3 will be referred to as second ball pads 31 b. The first ball pads 31 a are respectively connected to the second ball pads 31 b through the connection lines 32.

[0024]FIG. 5 depicts, in a diagram of a partially enlarged perspective view, a detailed structure of the circuit substrate 30 shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 5, the circuit substrate 30 is composed of a base layer 33 and a coating layer 34. The ball pad 31 and the connection line 32 are formed on the base layer 33 and covered with the coating layer 34. The coating layer 34 not only prevents short circuits between adjacent ball pads 31 or adjacent connection lines 32, but also prevents the pads 31 and lines 32 from being exposed to contamination or oxidation. A pad opening 35 is a region where the coating layer 34 is partly removed and the ball pad 31 is mostly exposed to receive the solder ball.

[0025] Referring to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 together, a manufacturing process of the BGA package stack using the foldable circuit substrate will be described hereinafter. From the description of the process, the structure of the package stack will also be clear. The IC chip 23 is attached to the top surface of the first portion 30-1 of the circuit substrate 30 and electrically connected thereto by metal wires 24. The top surface of the first portion 30-1 is then covered with the molding resin 25. The solder balls 26 are formed on the bottom surface of the first portion 30-1, particularly at the first ball pads 31 a through the pad opening 35. Before mounting the solder balls 26 on the first ball pads 31 a, flux is applied to the first ball pads 31 a to facilitate the re-flowing of solder.

[0026] Thereafter, the second portion 30-2 of the circuit substrate 30 is bent toward the side face of the molding resin 25, and the third portion 30-3 is also bent toward the upper face of the molding resin 25. The third portion 30-3 of the circuit substrate 30 is then attached to the upper face of the molding resin 25. Therefore, the second ball pads 31 b face upward to receive the solder balls of another individual package to be stacked on the current package.

[0027] After the fabrication of the individual packages is completed, one individual package is placed onto another individual package for stacking. At this time, the solder balls of an upper individual package are mounted on the second ball pads of a lower individual package and then joined by re-flowing the solder. The package stack is continuously manufactured in this manner until the desired number of stacked packages is achieved.

[0028] As described above, the BGA package stack of the present invention does not have a ball arrangement limitation because it utilizes a foldable circuit substrate. Accordingly, the BGA package stack of the present invention can provide a smaller package size, a greater pin count, and a higher mounting density. Additionally, no other stacking medium besides the solder balls is required and the size of the solder ball can be reduced.

[0029] In the drawings and specification, an embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed, and although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation; the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A ball grid array package stack comprising: a lower package comprising a first circuit substrate comprising a first substrate portion, a second substrate portion, and a third substrate portion; a first integrated circuit chip attached on and electrically connected to a top surface of said first substrate portion, a first molding resin covering the top surface of said first substrate portion and said first integrated circuit chip; said second substrate portion being folded so that the third substrate portion is positioned on the upper surface of said molding resin, and an upper ball grid array package comprising a second circuit substrate; a second integrated circuit chip attached on and electrically connected to a top surface of the second circuit substrate, interconnection terminals formed on a bottom surface of the second circuit substrate, and a ball grid array connecting said interconnection terminals to the third substrate portion of said first circuit substrate.
 2. The ball grid array package stack of claim 1, comprising external connection terminals formed on a bottom surface of said first substrate portion, the external connection terminals being distributed over the bottom surface of the first substrate portion of the first circuit substrate.
 3. The ball grid array package stack of claim 1, wherein the external connection terminals are solder balls.
 4. The ball grid array package stack of claim 1, wherein the lower package further includes metal wires for electrically connecting the first chip and the first circuit substrate, and wherein the upper package further includes metal wires for electrically connecting the second chip and the second circuit substrate.
 5. The ball grid array package stack of claim 1, wherein the first circuit substrate has first ball pads formed in said first portion to receive said external connection terminals, second ball pads formed in the third portion to receive the interconnection terminals, and connection lines connecting the first and the second ball pads.
 6. The ball grid array package stack of claim 5, wherein the first circuit substrate further has a base layer on which the first and the second ball pads and the connection lines are formed, and a coating layer covering the base layer and the connection lines and having pad openings through which the first and the second ball pads are exposed.
 7. The ball grid array package stack of claim 6, wherein the external connection terminals are formed on the first ball pads through the pad openings, and the interconnection terminals are joined to the second ball pads through the pad openings.
 8. A method for manufacturing a ball grid array package stack, the method comprising: forming a lower ball grid package that has a foldable circuit substrate with a first substrate portion, a second substrate portion and a third substrate portion, comprising: positioning an integrated circuit chip on a top surface of said first substrate portion and electrically connecting said circuit chip to first ball pads positioned on a bottom surface of said first substrate portion; applying a molding resin to cover said first substrate portion and said integrated circuit chip; bending said second substrate portion so that said third substrate portion is positioned on the top surface of said molding resin, the top surface of said third substrate portion comprising top ball pads; forming an upper ball grid package that includes a second integrated circuit positioned on a top substrate; forming balls on ball pads on the bottom surface of said top substrate; and positioning the upper ball grid package on the lower ball grid package so that the balls on the bottom surface of the upper ball grid package are aligned with the top ball pads on the top surface of said third substrate portion of the lower ball grid package.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising applying flux to the first ball pads located on the bottom surface of the upper ball grid package and the second ball pads on the top surface of the third substrate portion before forming the balls on the ball pads.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the balls between the upper and lower ball grid packages are solder balls.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising reflowing the solder on the balls between the upper and lower ball grid packages so that these two packages are joined.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein said integrated circuits are electrically connected to said circuit substrate with metal wires.
 13. A stacked ball grid array package comprising a first integrated circuit mounted on a first portion of a folded circuit substrate, said first integrated circuit being connected to a first array of connection balls, some of which are located under said first integrated circuit, a second integrated circuit positioned above a second circuit substrate, said second integrated circuit connected to a second array of connection balls located under said second circuit substrate, some of said second array of connection balls being located under said second integrated circuit, said second integrated circuit being positioned above said first integrated circuit, and a second portion of said folded circuit substrate that extends under, and is connected to, said second array of connection balls.
 14. An integrated circuit package comprising: a circuit substrate comprising a first substrate portion, a second substrate portion, and a third substrate portion, said second substrate portion being folded approximately 180 degrees so that said third substrate portion is positioned above said first substrate portion; a bottom ball grid package comprising a first integrated circuit positioned on top of and connected to said first substrate portion, and first connection balls positioned on the bottom of said first substrate portion; and a top ball grid package comprising a second integrated circuit, a top substrate, and second connection balls, said integrated circuit being positioned on top of and connected to said top substrate and said second connection balls being positioned on the bottom of said top substrate, said top ball grid package being position above said bottom ball grid package so that said second connection balls are positioned on the top of and connected to said third substrate portion whereby both of said integrated circuits are connected to said circuit substrate.
 15. The integrated circuit package of claim 14, wherein said connection balls are solder balls.
 16. The integrated circuit package of claim 14, wherein said first substrate portion comprises electrical connections and said first connection balls are connected to said electrical connections.
 17. The integrated circuit package of claim 14, wherein said third substrate portion includes electrical connections and said second connection balls are connected to said electrical connections
 18. The integrated circuit package of claim 14, wherein said first substrate portion comprises electrical connections and said first integrated circuit is connected to said electrical connections.
 19. The integrated circuit package of claim 14, wherein said third substrate portion includes electrical connections and said second integrated circuit is connected to said electrical connections.
 20. The integrated circuit package of claim 14, wherein said first integrated circuit and said first substrate portion are covered with a molding resin and said bottom of said third substrate portion is positioned on top of said molding resin.
 21. The integrated circuit package of claim 14, further comprising metal wires connecting said first integrated circuit to said first substrate portion and metal wires connection said second integrated circuit to said top substrate.
 22. An integrated circuit package comprising a plurality of integrated circuits each integrated circuit being connected to an associated array of connection balls, some of which are located under the associated integrated circuit, said integrated circuits being positioned in a vertical stack, a plurality of folded circuit substrates, each folded substrate being folded so that there is a second substrate portion on top of a first substrate portion, each of said folded substrates comprising one of said integrated circuits position on top of and connected to its first portion and the connection balls that are associated with a different integrated circuit positioned on top of and connected to the top of its second portion, whereby multiple integrated circuits can be stacked and connected with some of the connection balls associated with each particular integrated circuit being located directly underneath the particular integrated circuit. 